Introduction

A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the ballooning of the thoracic aorta, which is the main artery located within the chest cavity. The normal diameter of the aorta, the body's largest artery, is approximately 3.5 cm; exceeding this diameter can lead to serious health problems. Thoracic aortic aneurysm carries potentially life-threatening risks, and therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance.  

Importance of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs as a result of the weakening and enlargement of the aortic wall. When the enlargement reaches a certain level, the risk of rupture of the aneurysm arises. In the event of rupture, life-threatening conditions such as sudden bleeding and shock can develop. The mortality rate for a ruptured aneurysm before reaching the hospital is quite high.  

Symptoms

Thoracic aortic aneurysm often does not cause symptoms. Growth without rupture can usually create a feeling of discomfort by pressing on adjacent organs. However, in the event of rupture, the following symptoms may occur:

• • Severe chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Low blood pressure and shock

  Diagnostic Methods

  Thoracic aortic aneurysm is usually diagnosed using the following methods:

  • Computed Tomography (CT): Shows the enlargement of the aorta in the chest area.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An alternative imaging method.
  • In Emergency Situations: If a rupture has occurred, bleeding can be detected with CT.

  Treatment Methods

  Surgical Repair

  The standard treatment method for thoracic aortic aneurysm is surgical removal of the aneurysm and replacement with an artificial graft. It is usually performed under general anesthesia. This method is preferred for large aneurysms with a high risk of rupture.

  Endovascular Repair (TEVAR)

  Endovascular repair involves treating a thoracic aortic aneurysm with angiography. In this method, special covered stents placed inside the blood vessel seal off the area of the aneurysm, reducing the risk of rupture. TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) is an increasingly common treatment option in recent years and offers several advantages:

  • Minimal Invasiveness: The procedure is performed with angiography instead of surgery; large incisions are not required.
  • Short Recovery Period: The length of hospital stay is shorter; patients are usually discharged within a day.
  • Lower Risk: Treatment with angiography carries a lower risk of complications compared to surgical repair.

TEVAR Procedure Process

• Preparation: The patient's CT scan is evaluated, and stent-graft measurements are taken.
• Procedure: In the angiography suite, a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel through the groin or arm. The stent-graft is placed in the area where the aneurysm is located.
• Monitoring: The patient's condition is monitored after the procedure; intensive care follow-up is performed if necessary.

Conclusion

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition if not diagnosed and treated early. Advanced diagnostic methods and minimally invasive treatment options improve patients' quality of life and reduce the risk of complications. The choice of treatment method varies depending on the size and location of the aneurysm and the patient's overall health. Therefore, regular health check-ups and awareness of risk factors play an important role in preventing the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm.

This information has been verified with medical information confirmed by specialist physician İbadat Hasanov and aims to inform individuals. In any case, the treatment plan is determined specifically for you, and this decision is meticulously evaluated by your doctors.