Varicocele is the abnormal enlargement and varicosity of the veins surrounding the testicle. It is considered one of the leading causes of male infertility and can lead to pain, swelling, and sexual dysfunction in the testicles. One of the methods used in the treatment of varicocele is varicocele embolization, which is a minimally invasive approach.  

Ovarian vein insufficiency (ovarian varices) is a condition that occurs with the abnormal enlargement of the veins around the uterus and ovaries. This enlargement is usually seen in the pelvic region, similar to varicose veins, but may not be visible externally. Ovarian varices are commonly observed in women who have had multiple pregnancies and are usually diagnosed with color Doppler ultrasonography or computed tomography.

A uterine fibroid is a tumor that originates from the tissue of the uterus and is typically benign. Fibroids are among the most common tumors of the female reproductive organs. One in three women over the age of 35 may have fibroids, and they are usually multiple. Fibroids can vary in size, ranging from 1 to 20 cm, and sometimes dozens of fibroids can be found in a single uterus.