Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that occurs due to the weakening and enlargement of the wall of the abdominal aorta, the main artery in the abdominal area. Over time, the aneurysm can grow, increasing the risk of rupture, which can lead to serious complications.

Abdominal Aorta and Aneurysm:

Abdominal aorta is the largest artery originating from the heart, supplying blood to various organs in the abdominal region. Normally 2-3 cm in diameter, this vessel can enlarge due to various factors.

Aneurysm

Aneurysm is the enlargement and ballooning of a specific part of a blood vessel. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is diagnosed when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds 3 cm. If the aneurysm reaches a diameter of 5.5 cm or more, it carries a risk of rupture, which requires urgent treatment.

Causes of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Although the exact causes of aneurysm development are not fully understood, several factors increase the risk:

Atherosclerosis: The accumulation of plaque in the vessel wall can weaken the aorta.
Genetic Factors: Family history can increase the risk of aneurysm development in individuals.
Hypertension: High blood pressure can strain the vessel wall, leading to weakness.
Smoking: Smoking negatively affects vascular health, increasing the risk of aneurysm.
Age and Gender: It is more commonly seen in men aged 65 and older.

Symptoms

Abdominal aortic aneurysm typically progresses silently. However, in some patients, the following symptoms may be observed:

Abdominal Pain: Mild, vague abdominal pain. Pulsatile Lump: A lump felt in the abdomen or groin area that pulsates with the heartbeat. In Case of Rupture: Internal bleeding with sudden and severe abdominal pain, low blood pressure, and fainting.

Diagnostic Methods

The diagnosis of an aneurysm is typically made using the following methods:

Ultrasonography: Commonly used for initial evaluation. Computed Tomography (CT): Preferred for a definitive diagnosis and measurement of the aneurysm size. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Can be used as an alternative imaging method.

Interventional Treatment Methods

The size, location, and the patient's health condition of the aneurysm determine the treatment method. Interventional treatment options can be examined in two main groups:

Surgical Operation

The traditional treatment method involves surgically removing the aneurysm and replacing it with a prosthetic vessel. This method is especially preferred for large aneurysms with a high risk of rupture. The surgical procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, and the hospital stay may be longer.

Endovascular Repair (EVAR)

Endovascular repair involves closing the aneurysm using stent grafts placed in the vessel via angiography. This method has become increasingly popular in recent years and offers many advantages:

• Minimally Invasive: Less invasive compared to surgery. The procedure is performed without large incisions in the body.

• Fast Recovery Process: The hospital stay after the procedure is short; patients are generally discharged within one day.

• Lower Risk: The risk of complications is lower in treatments performed through angiography.

• Anesthesia: General anesthesia may not be required; sedation can be used.

Endovascular Procedure Process

• Preparation: Necessary tests are conducted according to the patient's condition.

• Procedure: A catheter is placed into the vein either from the groin or arm in an angiography room. The stent graft is placed at the location of the aneurysm.

• Follow-up: After the procedure, the patient’s condition is monitored, and necessary checks are performed.

Conclusion

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a condition that can lead to serious consequences. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment methods are critical to improving patients' quality of life and reducing potential risks. Interventional treatment methods offer significant advantages to patients with minimal invasiveness and a rapid recovery process. Being aware of risk factors and regular health check-ups play an important role in preventing this disease.

This information is supported by verified medical data from specialist doctor İbadat Hasanov and aims to inform individuals. In every case, the treatment plan is determined specifically for you and is carefully evaluated by your doctors.