Pulmonary Thromboembolism: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Interventional Radiological Treatment Options
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) typically occurs when a blood clot, usually originating from deep vein thrombosis (DVT), embolizes into the pulmonary arteries. This condition can increase the risk of acute or chronic respiratory failure, heart failure, and death. While the treatment of PTE generally begins with anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapies, interventional radiological methods may be necessary in some cases. This article will discuss the definition, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and interventional radiological treatment options for PTE in detail.
What is Pulmonary Thromboembolism?
Pulmonary thromboembolism is the blockage of the pulmonary arteries by blood clots that have traveled to the lungs. The clots usually form in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and are carried to the lungs through the bloodstream. This condition can reduce the oxygenation capacity of the lungs and lead to serious respiratory and cardiovascular problems.
Pathophysiology
PTE typically arises when clots (thrombi) that form in the deep veins travel towards the pulmonary arteries. The clot causes an obstruction in the pulmonary arteries, leading to a reduction in the blood carrying oxygen to the lungs. This condition disrupts blood flow in the lungs and consequently can cause impairments in respiratory and cardiovascular functions.